Standard Costing free essay sample

At the point when genuine overhead rates are utilized, creation volume of every item influences the detailed expenses of every other item: This explanation, which was examined in the past part on typical costing, speaks to a bit of leeway of standard costing over real costing, however doesn't speak to a preferred position of standard costing over ordinary costing. 3. Costing frameworks that utilization planned information are practical: Accounting frameworks ought to fulfill a money saving advantage test: progressively refined bookkeeping frameworks are all the more exorbitant to configuration, actualize and work. In the event that the option in contrast to a standard costing framework is a genuine costing framework that tracks real expenses in an all the more convenient (and progressively costly) way, at that point the board ought to evaluate whether the improvement in the nature of the choices that will be made utilizing that data merits the extra expense. By and large, standard costing frameworks give exceptionally solid data, and the extra expense of working a genuine costing framework isn't justified. We will compose a custom article test on Standard Costing or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Inn Industry: An inn is a foundation that gives dwelling paid on a transient premise. The arrangement of fundamental settlement, in times past, comprising just of a live with a bed, a pantry, a little table and a washstand has to a great extent been supplanted by rooms with current offices, including en-suite restrooms and cooling or atmosphere control. Extra normal highlights found in lodgings are a phone, a morning timer, a TV, a sheltered, a little bar with nibble nourishments and beverages, and offices for making tea and espresso. Extravagance highlights incorporate shower robes and shoes, a pad menu, twin-sink vanities, and jacuzzi baths. Bigger inns may give extra visitor offices, for example, a pool, wellness focus, business focus, childcare, meeting offices and social capacity administrations Hotel rooms are generally numbered (or named in some littler inns and Bamp;Bs) to permit visitors to recognize their room. A few inns offer dinners as a feature of a food and lodging game plan. In the United Kingdom, an inn is legally necessary to serve food and beverages to all visitors inside certain expressed hours. In Japan, case inns give a limited measure of room space and shared offices.

Bio-Terrorism Research and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bio-Terrorism Research and Development - Essay Example These pathogens have high probabilities of bioterrorism use since they can be scattered quick and without trouble; would just need negligible adds up to cause and spread illnesses; and would cause significant levels of dismalness and mortality (Perlin, 2008). Classification A specialists, being the most elevated hazard operators, are top need in look into endeavors. Class B specialists make the second most noteworthy threat. Category C operators are the developing transmittable infection perils (â€Å"Potential Bioterrorism Agents,â€Å" 2010). Natural operators, for example, Bacillus anthracis, botulism, plague, smallpox, tularemia, and viral hemorrhagic fevers (â€Å"NIAID report claims extraordinary advancement in biodefense research,† 2010), are modest substitutes to traditional weapons. Favored by fear based oppressors, these pathogens have simple openness; fast creation and conveyance; low discovery and high possibilities for causing national aggravation (â€Å"Potential Bioterrorism Agents,â€Å" 2010). Since 2002, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has indicated surprising advancement in the improvement of measures to balance bioterrorist assaults. Essential research programs include the most recent assignment and money related help of eight local scholarly places for biodefense research and rising transmittable maladies. All strains of pathogen genomes with high-chance for bioterror use are sequenced and decided of conceivable viral and protozoal bioterrorism disease. Scientists are offered awards to examine the prevention, recognizable proof, and fix of infections brought about by bioweapons. The NIAID look into focuses on the advancement of compelling antibodies and exact determination (â€Å"NIAID report claims extraordinary advancement in biodefense research,† 2010). Mucosal resistances are concentrated on territories of contamination, for example, the respiratory organs and oral entries since potential bioweapons are destined to taint tho se regions (â€Å"Introduction to Biodefense Research,† 2010). Proposed endeavors to

The Effect of Animal Imagery and the Fate of Santiago Nasar - Literature Essay Samples

In his novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold, Gabriel Garcia Marquez has the impressive skill of characterizing and foreshadowing Santiago Nasar’s character and eventual death. Santiago Nasar’s murder by Pedro and Pablo Vicario was caused by an accusation that Nasar was having premarital relations with the Angela Vicario. However, at that time Angela Vicario was engaged to Bayardo San Roman. When San Roman learns about the new news that Angela was never a virgin before they were engaged, San Roman was enraged and decided that he no longer wanted to marry her. This has caused Angela Vicario’s brothers, Pedro and Pablo Vicario, to plan a murder for Nasar and throughout the novel, Garcia Marquez uses motifs such as birds and pigs as animal imagery to foreshadow and characterize Santiago Nasar’s eventual death and character. Garcia Marquez begins the novel with the morning on Nasar’s death. The morning of the day Santiago Nasar was murdered by Pablo and Pedro Vicario, Nasar had an odd dream. His dream involved birds. That morning, Santiago Nasar â€Å"dreamed he was going through a grove of timber trees where a gentle drizzle was falling, and for an instant he was happy in his dream, but when he awoke he felt completely spattered with bird shit† (3). Because there are many parallels that can be drawn from Nasar’s dream to Nasar’s life, the essence of his dream obviously resembles Nasar’s life story. Garcia Marquez uses symbolism and animal imagery when describing the eventful dream. The timber trees symbolized the townspeople who knew about the Pedro and Pablo Vicarios’ plan, but had done nothing to prevent it, his brief happiness points to his oblivious nature, and the bird excrement symbolizes his eventual death. His purpose of these techniques are to foreshado w Santiago Nasar’s eventual demise. The events of his dream corresponded to the events that will happen in his life, therefore the animal imagery of the birds foreshadows the fate of Nasar. The bird imagery continues throughout the novel, as Garcia Marquez continues to describe Nasar after he spoke about Angela Vicario and her accusation that she and Nasar had premarital relations. He has described Nasar as â€Å"a sparrow hawk. He went about alone, just like his father, nipping the bud of any wayward virgin who began showing up in those woods† (90). Nasar is being known for having premarital relations with virgins. Garcia Marquez uses a metaphor of comparing Nasar to not only his father, but he is being compared to a hawk. A hawk is a bird predator that survives off of helpless prey. He uses this metaphor to characterize Nasar as the ideal Columbian machismo. He has the ability to do what he wants with women because that is one of a machismo man’s role. Like a hawk, Nasar goes around and survives off of vulnerable prey. The prey is the women who Nasar had premarital relations with. Additionally, Garcia Marquez continues the animal imagery through another motif in the novel. Garcia Marquez used the motif of pigs when speaking about the Vicario brothers murdering Nasar. Garcia Marquez illustrates how the Vicario brothers gorily murdered Santiago Nasar for having premarital relations with their sister, Angela Vicario. When Nasar is being stabbed over and over, â€Å"trying to finish it off once and for all, Pedro Vicario sought his heart, but he looked for it in the armpit, where pigs have it† (118). Animal imagery is shown when Garcia Marquez describes that Santiago Nasar was killed the same way that the Vicario brothers would have butchered a pig. Because Pedro Vicario sought Nasar’s heart in his armpit, Nasar is being compared to a pig that will become butchered. Garcia Marquez’s purpose of the pig imagery is to characterize Santiago Nasar. This reveals how other townspeople have viewed Nasar after they had heard that he had premarital rela tions with Angela Vicario. Nasar was dehumanized to an animal by the way he was murdered. When Pedro Vicario was looking for Nasar’s heart in his armpit, Nasar was technically being treated as if he was going to be butchered like a pig. He is characterized with negative attributes because his accused actions with Angela Vicario has gone against cultural norms between males and females, where premarital relationans are looked down upon. When being compared to a pig, Nasar is then being associated with negative attributes that a pig would have. In the Colombian culture, pigs are typically associated with dirt and vulgarity. Garcia Marquez uses animal imagery throughout Chronicles of a Death Foretold in many ways and with many purposes, the most memorable of which is to indicate the ultimate fate of Santiago Nasar. The novel begins with Santiago Nasar’s dream. Nasar has an off dream that consisted of birds the day before his death; the purpose of this was to foreshadow Nasar’s unfortunate fate. Then, the novel continues to describe and characterize Nasar using animal imagery. Nasar was known for being a sparrow hawk in the small town. The animal imagery of the the sparrow hawk, another type of bird, is used to characterize Nasar and to provide how most of the village viewed him. Garcia Marquez then continues to use animal imagery to further develop Nasar’s character. Animal imagery is used when Garcia Marquez compares Nasar’s murder scene to butchering pigs. The purpose of pig imagery is to characterize and create a deeper understanding of Santiago Nasar.

Diabetes And Drug Treatment Of Diabetes - 799 Words

Diabetes and Drug Treatments Diabetes represents one of the most challenging disorders facing the United States population. Diabetes can be classified as Diabetes Mellitus type I, Diabetes Mellitus type II, Gestational Diabetes, and secondary diabetes from other conditions. At least 90% of diabetes is type 2, and the complications could be avoided by carefully managing hyperglycemia, hypertension and dyslipidemia (Wilbur, 2013). Therefore, the healthcare industry is spending vast amounts of time and money treating a disease which is largely preventable. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the pathophysiology of the different classifications, drug treatment, and dietary considerations of Diabetes Mellitus. The impact and drug treatment of Diabetes Mellitus type I is explained, along with a description of a technique useful in educating patients on the standards of medical care in diabetic patients. Pathophysiology of Diabetes Type I diabetes is due to a lack of pancreatic beta cells leading to absolute insulin deficiency. An autoimmune attack occurs and antibodies develop in the blood, insulin slowly decreases, and blood glucose levels rise. Juvenile diabetes was always thought to be type I diabetes until recently. Due to childhood obesity levels rising, there has been an increase in type II diabetes in children age 10 to 19. Type II diabetes can be due to insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, elevated glucose production by the liver, or all of the mechanisms.Show MoreRelatedDiabetes Is The Most Common Form Of Diabetes849 Words   |  4 PagesType 2 Diabetes is the most common form of diabetes in adults. It accounts for approximately 90%-95% of diagnosed diabetes in adults in the United States (cdc.gov, n.d.). Newly diagnose cases of diabetes tripled from 1980-2011 in the United States. It is a costly and deadly disease. Because there are many comorbidities and complications associated wit h uncontrolled diabetes, it is essential to treat diabetes effectively. Clinicians deal with this ongoing problem on a daily basis. Therefore,Read MoreDiabetes Type 2 Meta Analysis1011 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes Type 2 meta-analysis Abstract Objective To compare treatment options of type2 diabetes. In reference to this a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials, observation-based studies and published information was carried out in an attempt to investigate the difference of efficacy between pharmacologic treatment in Diabetes type 2, specifically the newer oral class known as the SGLT-2 Inhibitors. Research designs and methods A literature search was conducting using the keywordsRead MoreAnalysis Of Drug Metformin : A Disorder Of The Endocrine System1053 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of drug Metformin Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a disorder of the endocrine system(Ciccone, 2016), which caused an increase in blood glucose. In the United States, there are approximately 24 million people diagnosed with DM. (Ciccone, 2016). Diabetes is also considered as a global health problem that seems to increase every day. It is estimated that people diagnosed with DM will increase up to 366 million in the year 2030 (Ali et al., 2015). DM causes a serious problem and is known to be theRead MoreRace And Ethnicity : The Primary Care Provider792 Words   |  4 Pagesprimary care provider needs to consider the patient s race and ethnic group when treating diabetes and discussing health issues such as obesity. Literature reveals that certain ethnic groups respond better to selected medications, like the drug Metformin, in the treatment of diabetes (Woo Wynne, 2013 p. 1096-97). Thus, the caregiver must be knowledgeable about all medications used in the treatment of diabetes. Asking the patient both dir ect and open-end questions during the assessment helps the providerRead MoreDiabetes : The Common Form Of Diabetes1637 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes which affects 90% to 95% of the population. In the United States, approximately 1.7 million new cases of diabetes were identified in 2012 and the disease affects 29 million Americans or 9.3 percent of the population. In 2012 the total financial burden of diabetes was estimated to be $245 billion which included $176 billion in direct medical costs and $69 billion in reduced productivity. Those who have type 2 diabetes are unable to controlRead MoreType Ii Diabetes Mellitus. â€Å"In 2010, An Estimated 25.81470 Words   |  6 PagesType II Diabetes Mellitus â€Å"In 2010, an estimated 25.8 million people in the United States had diabetes mellitus, of which approximately 1 million have type 1 diabetes and most of the rest have type 2 diabetes † (Papadakis et al., 2014) That means that in 2010 about 24.8 million people suffered from type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is impaired insulin secretion and variable degrees or peripheral insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia (Porter, Kaplan, 2011). Type II diabetes has become moreRead MoreDrugs For The Patient That Has Diabetes Mellitus919 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussed about a case report and evidence in choosing among available drugs for the patient that has diabetes mellitus. In December 2012, it was reported that there are merely 26.9 % of people aged 65 and above living in the United States has been diagnosed with diabetes. Also, it is stated that there are about 13.7 % of American ages 45-64 and 2 million people ages 20 and older have the disease. There are two types of diabetes; Type 1 depends on controlling the blood glucose and an insulin dosesRead MoreEssay on Liraglutide: Novel Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus1006 Words   |  5 Pagespharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes. The most recent developments have been around the incretin hormones. Glucagon-like peptide 1-receptor agonists (GLP-1) have demonstrated efficacy and safety in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Liraglutide (Victoza) is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that has demonstrated advantages in lower hemoglobin A1c in this class of medications and assisting patients in reducing weight. Liraglutide: Novel treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Diabetes is rapidlyRead MoreDrug Product Review Of Canagliflozin1116 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Product Review of Canagliflozin On March 29, 2013, Canagliflozin (InvokanaTM) was approved by the FDA for the improvement of glycemic control for adults with type 2 diabetes. In 2013, Elkinson and Scott estimated that there were approximately 220 million people worldwide affected by type 2 diabetes. Despite having multiply classifications of drugs and typically multiple drugs to each classification, more than have of patient being treated do not have adequate control of their diabetes (ElkinsonRead MoreThe Treatment Of Diabetes Mellitus1088 Words   |  5 Pages The treatment of diabetes is dependent on its type and its severity, insulin, exercise, and a diabetic diet is used to treat type 1 diabetes, whiles type 2 diabetes is initially controlled with weight loss, type 2 diabetic diet and physical activity; when these initiatives fail to balance elevated blood sugars, oral medications are prescribed and if that proves few futile then insulin and multiple injectable medications are introduced (Medicinenet2). On e cannot prevent type 1 diabetes; however

Homosexuality in the Middle East - 2296 Words

Homosexuality in Modern Day Middle East Abstract Homosexual marriage is a public concept that should be acknowledged in the Middle East. Yet the idea can’t be acknowledged without a few key phases. The government is one of the main reasons why gay marriage is not permitted in the Middle East. Most Arab people abide by the law, and religion, and hence do not approve of homosexuality. If the rules and regulations were to change, there may be a change in how people view homosexuals. Moreover, the regime is greatly influenced by religion. Religion can’t be altered, but marriage can. If all marriages were to become civil, out of religious jurisdiction, there may be a possibility for gay marriage to occur. All these steps can slowly†¦show more content†¦However, attraction of men to â€Å"beautiful male youths† has been a part of the culture of some Islamic societies and the attraction is not usually looked down upon in itself. When it comes to lesbian homosexuality, some have argued that since penetration is not involved, female homosexual acts should be less severely punished. Islamic law is most concerned with openly gay public behavior, so there is no strong disapproval of homosexuality if it is not displayed in public (Homosexuality, Oxford Concise Dictionary of World Religions.) ‘Struggle for Gay Rights in the Middle East’ is an article that was written by Hala Gorani for CNN. One of the situations mentioned in the article is how the Egyptian police invaded a homosexual hangout on the river Nile called the Queen Boat. Some of the people who were involved in the hangout were arrested and imprisoned for sin. The article also notes that when governments raid homosexual gatherings, they do it for political instead of ethical reasons. Brian Whitaker, in his paper ‘Unspeakable Love: Gay and Lesbian Life in the Middle East’, argues that homophobia in Arab Muslim countries â€Å"is not a religious or a cultural issue, but is foremost a political problem of which culture and religion are reliant factors†, arguing that Homophobia in the Muslim world can be attributed to the attitude this world has to its counterpart, the modern secular European and WesternShow MoreRelatedCultural Anthropology: Views on Lgbt Across Cultures Essay1110 Words   |  5 PagesEssay # 4: Homosexuality/Transexuality/Intersexuality   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Different cultures across the world have developed various views on homosexuality. Most cultural perspectives developed from religious or humanitarian sources. Living in 21st Century America, I have personally witnessed some of the strides and struggles of GLBT (gay-lesbian-bisexual-transgender) youth. In the United States there exist laws that both promote sexual diversity and laws that restrict the complete rights of suchRead MoreHomosexuality Deserves Respect1294 Words   |  5 Pagesbig steps towards a progressive world but discrimination of homosexuality is still prevalent in many countries. Homosexuality rights have always been a controversy topic around the world. According to the basic law of Hong Kong, all citizens shall have equal rights (Chan, 2012). In the beginning of this article, brief background information of homosexuality is provided. Then, the following paragraphs will show reasons why homosexuality should have human rights by analyzing this issue in three perspec tivesRead More The Essential Role Of Stereotype In Propaganda Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pagessuccussfully implemented if the dogma is deliberate and targeted to a group with an intention or purpose on mind. Ethnic stereotypes are portrayed differently by society because it consists of negative and positive connotations. An individual with a Middle East ethnicity is stereotyped as an Arab, regardless of the different countries within the region, which contains diverse cultures, beliefs and extensive religions. Some of the generalizations of this ethnic group comprise of Arabs inheriting wealthRead MoreIslam : A Western Culture And Many Authors Have Failed2279 Words   |  10 PagesSaudi Arabians consider homosexuality to be a Western culture and many authors have failed to agree on the argument that it found its way from the western countries into the Middle East after and during the offensive in Iraq (Ilkkaracan 58). Considering the strict cultural values of the Muslim lifestyle, homosexuality has no place in the region. Islam is the predominant religion of the region and the way of life is firmly rooted on the teachings of the Quran. The practice goes against the decreeRead MoreThe Ro ad towards Democratic Consolidation in the Middle East706 Words   |  3 Pagespeople in the Middle East with other regions, particularly the West, about the importance of democracy and having a democratic system, free elections, and civil rights. Desire to have a democratic system has been consistently high in the Middle East compared to other regions, while no significant move toward democratization or political mobilization has occurred for a long time prior to the Arab Spring. Also, change over time in the desire to have a democratic political system among Middle EasternersRead MoreThe Gods Of Greek And Roman Mythology1006 Words   |  5 Pagesincluded setting newborn babies to be burned alive onto the preheated outstretched hands of the idol of Marduk. We see the same level of brutality with ISIS in the same area of the world. In fact, Islam is fanatical in its zero tolerance for both homosexuality and idolatry. This is not coincidence. Many state that the animosity between Israel and her surrounding Arab countries can be traced all the way back 4000 years ago to Isaac and Ishmael as well as Jacob and Esau. Very true. But this evil stemsRead MoreThe Middle East, Glitter Bombs !1568 Words   |  7 Pages4Bombs in the Middle East; Glitter bombs! It is hard to discuss gay rights in Arabic. The taboo nature of the subject in the Middle-East is hard to swallow, no pun intended. â€Å"I would have liked to keep you near me/ introduce you to my parents, have you crown my heart/ Cook your food, sweep your home / Spoil your kids, be your housewife.† Imagine if these lyrics were sung in a place where Hezbollah is widely popular, and the singer so happens to be a young man wrenching his guts out about his ex-loverRead MoreHomosexuality in Islam3723 Words   |  15 PagesMacalester Islam Journal Volume 2 Macalester Islam Journal Issue 3 Article 8 3-28-2007 Homosexuality in Islam: A Difficult Paradox Nicole Kligerman Macalester College Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/islam Recommended Citation Kligerman, Nicole (2007) Homosexuality in Islam: A Difficult Paradox, Macalester Islam Journal: Vol. 2: Iss. 3, Article 8. Available at: http://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/islam/vol2/iss3/8 This Article is brought to you forRead MoreDescribe Ways in Which Concept of Family Has Changed Across Cultures and over Time (Sociology)1442 Words   |  6 Pagestimes. We can find a lot of examples of it in ancient art and literature. But it is just a small part in the world where same sex marriage now is absolutely legal. In the other parts of the world homosexuality is legal, but unions are not recognised. Watching at the map, the countries tolerates homosexuality are just developed countries, like USA, Canada or Northern Europe, in less developed countries they are not tolerated, and in countries with a more backward, you can get a penalty, prison for lifeRead MoreA Religious Point Of View1294 Words   |  6 PagesFrom a religious point of view, if God had thought homosexuality is a sin, he would not have created gay people by Howard Dean. Homosexuals have had a hard time coming out and making that first step to accept themselves. The other part is actually coming out to their peers, family, and friends and for them to accept him as well. There are many obstacles when it comes to coming out and when it relates to Judaism. â€Å"According to information published by The Jewish People Policy Planning Institute, there

Supply Chain Management of Grocery Gateway-myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: 1.Is the Grocery Gateway business model sustainable? How does it compare to the approaches used by other Companies in this Industry, such as Tesco? 2.How much money is at Stake? How about when sales reach 5,000 deliveries per day? 3.What is the capacity of Grocery Gateways delivery operations? How many trucks will it need to handle 5,000 orders per day? 4.What information might be useful to collect over the next few days as part of your analysis? Answers: 1.Grocery Gateway history Grocery Gateway was founded in 1997 and Longo Brothers Fruit Market Inc. operates it. This company is the pioneer in this online shopping of grocery business and a market leader. It offers 7500 grocery items as of now in its website including dry goods health and beauty products, frozen foods and wine and beer, fresh meats produce and organic products (Grocerygateway.com, 2017). Grocery Gateways fleet of delivery vehicles has 15000 active customers and 125,000 registered customer. It takes 90 minutes delivery windows ordering in the time, from 6:30 am to 10:30 pm. Their strong point of sale is the website GroceryGateway.com. Orders can be changed at 14 hours prior to delivery. The business process The products are priced competitively and customers are expected to order at least 60$ and pay eight$ as a delivery fee. On a peak season, the company would get 1500 orders and there average value would be $135(Grocerygateway.com, 2017) The main objective of the company is aimed at providing low cost and high service based on excellent execution of service. It has secured an investment of 103 million dollars form venturing and private sector financing (Bowersox, Closs and Cooper 2012). Information system and GGI business processes Grocery Gateway was built on efficient online presence of their business such as demo of online shopping, getting started tutorials and email customer support, which attracted the customers to experience at least once of their product (Osterwalder 2012). Grocery Gateways website is fully loaded with electronic commerce functionality (Osterwalder and Pigneur 2012). The consumers are allowed to find grocery items and see picture and description of products and their prices, select cart (known as shopping basket) and check out the items for delivery (Bowersox, Closs and Cooper 2012). Website and applications are tightly integrated with the functions (Fleet 2012). The Descartess system software has taken the whole Enterprise resource Planning software to a new level of functionality (McDermott and Payvision 2015). Logistics software as a service This supply chain business is all about the flexibility and ease of use programs. The interface must be usable to all party handling the software. Descartess provide combination of high valued routing, planning, tracking and dispatching functionality (Brock 2012). The outsourced routing service is also provided to the company by the routing consulting section. The static and dynamic route programs are updated each day and taken into account the favourable geographic zones, time windows and physical constraints they gives the sufficient output. The interface is user friendly and the drivers do not have to be trained by customer response teams. Descartess visibility routing solution is with real time visibility and delivery activities, which are adjusted accordingly achieves the bottom line for the company (Johnson, Christensen and Kagermann 2012). With GPS enables mobile phones the drivers are tracked and automatically updated of planned routes. GPS pings are also sent from the phone and make them aware of their next location, speed and direction. With statistics from Descartes reports, Grocery Gateway is also able to provide feedback during regular driver meetings, including highlighting high-performing individuals. Business models sustainability The structure template of the firm that includes certain points like key resources, key activities, Partners that includes suppliers and intermediaries (Osterwalder and Pigneur 2012)., customer relationship, channels, customer segments, cost and revenue structure, value proposition are the components of business model of a logistic company. The key resources of Grocery Gateway is the products they sources from grocery market and their capital invested, website and digital platforms, Information Technology infrastructure, Warehouses and human capital as employees and supporting stuff (Bowersox, Closs and Cooper 2012). The suppliers are local vendors that are associated with the company is key bargains of the company(Johnson, Christensen and Kagermann 2012).. The key activities include the everyday activities like getting online orders and carry through the orders collecting payment from buyers (Osterwalder 2012). Most of the activity is carried through the OPS and interface of the software developed by Descartes. The customer feedback suggests that the consumers are satisfied with service of Grocery Gateway (Osterwalder and Pigneur 2012).. In addition, the recent investments and expansion have caught eyes of many new customers as well as new investors (Jonsson 2 012). The value proposition model of Grocery Gateway has two basic components (Schaltegger, Ldeke-Freund and Hansen 2012). Those are competitive pricing of their products offered and time as well as direct delivery efficiency through smooth execution of their process. This business model analysis of Grocery Gateway suggests the internal operations are more than satisfactory and can sustain through the modern application oriented era (Thach Olsen and Lease 2014). Although building route density along with companys existing business routes with cost effectiveness is the key to success for Grocery Gateway and maintaining long-term sustainability (Schneid and Spieth 2013). The smart move service from Canada postal also praised their outreach program by polybagged ousterts and promotional strategy (Christopher 2016). All the three economic factors can be overcame by the mentioned company, the consumer economy, survival economy and the emerging economy (Bates et al. 2016). The pillars of sustainability of business models are redefining and reporting purpose environmental, financial and social outcome of business, stakeholders view of the firm and nature of sustainability, reinvesting and retaining the capitals (Hgevold and Svensson 2012). Business model of Grocery gateway has four main points Broken case picking Direct delivery Low cost position Time efficient The Industry of online grocery shopping Online grocery shopping scenario in Canada is to grow to sales of $3.6 billion per year by 2019, according to estimates from Forrester Research. Poologasingham, the market, currently is estimated at less than $2 billion. Canadian shoppers who say they buy groceries online spend just 4 per cent of their food budgets online, with the rest spent on goods bought in grocery stores (Islam et al. 2013). Toronto-based Grocery Gateway has been delivering to peoples homes since 1999 rather than having online orders ready for pickup at grocery stores, but it remains a niche business(Cooper and Ellram 2015).. That could be changing as Amazon increases its market share of packaged groceries in Canada, which it introduced in 2013. Online grocery shopping is not as fully developed in Canada as in other markets such as the U.K., where as many as half (48%) of consumers are online grocery shoppers and 11% do all of their grocery shopping online. According to a November 2015 report from Mintel, only 9% of 1,728 Canadian internet users said they had shopped online for groceries in the previous six months well behind categories such as clothing or footwear (43%), electronics or appliances (39%) or books/e-books (37%) (Boyer, Tomas and Frohlich 2012). The Grocery Gateway was born when the online boom started and when others where developing their business in the rise of this industry, Longo Brother have not only some years of experience but also the capital investments needed for that. The main competitors of Grocery Gateway are AMAZON Fresh, Sky-rise, Target and Wal-Mart the retailers (Langston, Clarke and Clarke 2015). This entire retailer is not directly in competition with Grocery Gateway as Wal-Mart is not active on online grocery shopping and Amazon is not making profit in the area, sky-rise presence is in Vancouver. Target does not stock vegetables. Difference with Tesco While comparing with the business model of Tesco one can see that Tesco is focused on the high valued brand and the company therefore develops its own brands like Tesco Fines and F F Clothings (Schaltegger, Ldeke-Freund and Hansen 2012). Thus it can be seen that the company focuses on quality products and wants its customer base to be from the premium sectors. Moreover, Tesco is more focused on international level market where as Grocery Gateway is focused on the business traffic of greater Toronto and mainly Canada. Tesco has opened their franchise in foreign markets like Middle East and Saudi Arabia. This foreign market of Tesco is on their high valued brand of F S. Tescos employee number are big than Grocery Gateway. Tescos employee base reaches 20,000 in the last two years. This number is certainly higher than the Grocery Gateways employee base. Tesco is mainly customer focused and aims to enrich their shopping experience (Wrigley 2015). Grocery Gateways focus is logistics execution and providing its customer valued product on competitive pricing(Thach Olsen and Lease 2014). The value proposition of Tesco is their wide variety of products and 7/24 shopping and on the go product delivery (Boyer, Tomas and Frohlich 2012). Personal shopping experience for cardholders. Both of the presence of physical store and online stores are also a value addition to Tescos as compared to its competitors (Langston, Clarke and Clarke 2015). Whereas, Grocery Gateway can only be accessed through their website and applications on android and Apple (Lee, Lee and Larsen 2012). Tesco have a mixed business model as their retail stores and online presence is equally active whereas Grocery Gateway is strictly in online business (Cooper and Ellram 2015). 2.Approximately 125,000 registered customers of Grocery Gateway ordered about 7818 orders per day having 135$ of value according to exhibit 2 in case study. Therefore average of 7818/7 = 1116.85 orders are taken per day. Then the revenue comes to 135*1116.85 = 150,775.714 dollars a days. If the orders numbers are to be escalated to 5000 orders per day it must gain 135*5000 = $ 675,000 revenue per day. One stop gains about 135$ therefore, as per company schedule the driver makes 2.7 stops per hour comes to 2.7*135 = 364.5 $ an hour, which is planned to escalate to four stops per hour. Then per hour revenue becomes 4*135 = 540$ an hour. The cost of drivers and vehicles comes to 30$ per hour. The driver gets 6.5 hours for per day shift. This comes to 6.5*2.7 = 17.55 orders per day. For delivering 1116 (approx) orders per day the number of shift is 1116/17 = 65 shifts per day. Therefore, the total variable cost of delivery comes to 8*65*30 = 15600 $.(drivers works for 8 hours a day, 6.5 hours for delivery and 90 minutes for delivery related work) In addition, the new approach includes 4 stops an hour. That is 6.5*4 = 26 orders could be delivered on 4 SPHOA program. Therefore, the variable cost of delivering 1116 orders per day is 1116/26 = 43 shifts per day, 8*43*30 = 10,320 $ This concludes that if the number of stops is increased the variable cost becomes low. The variable cost saving for 4 SPHOA is $(15600-10320) = $5280 For delivering 5000 orders per day, the number of shifts needed 5000/26 = 192 shifts (approximately). 192 shifts in 4 SPHOA program variable cost around 8*192*30 = 46,080 $. 100 drivers carry 1116 orders (approximately, if all are available at the same time). 1116/100 = 11.16 orders are carried by per drivers per day in 43 shifts (if they makes 4 stops an hour). Therefore, 5000/11 = 454 drivers are needed (to fulfil a week orders). The variable cost per hour is $30. The number of drivers needed have escalated from 100 to 454 and the truck number needs to be escalated at the same ratio. (Given the 4 SPHOA program) 3.Grocery Gateway is relocated on 2001 in Mississauga, a facility in towns view and there they have a 6225 square metre customer fulfilment centre. Their business model is divided in two main category. One is broken case picking and the other is direct delivery. They have optimize their facility of broken case for pick per stock keeping unit (sku) profile and the ratio is 1:1.It is the profile of ecommerce orders. Moreover, to addition to the capacity they are investing 15 million dollars in 26000 square metres. This will increase their throughput, cost position and capability. The three by three axis of A, B, C movers on one axis and three temperature zones (ambient , cooler and freezer) are designed at the best and used in greater technology of integration (Langston, Clarke and Clarke 2015). Grocery Gateway delivers 1500 orders on average and does this by 100 drivers and 55 trucks. Therefore, 1500:55 is the ratio, which equals 5000:183 trucks. Then the number of drivers comes to 1500 orders are taken by 100 drivers and 5000 orders will be taken by 333 drivers (approximately). For the peak season as the exhibit suggests for all area coverage a weeks number of orders are 7818 therefore the number of trucks needed is 283 (calculated in the ratio above-mentioned 1500:55). Therefore, from the above statements and calculations it can conclude that the capacity of the grocery gateway needs to be increased in the ratio given (Thach Olsen and Lease 2014). For 4 SPHOA program the efficiency of the capacity is optimized. The said plan needs to be executed with appointing at least 333 drivers in han 4.The order processing system of Grocery Gateway is known to operate by Descartes software and the web orders are downloaded from Resources in motion system (RIMMS) (Burt 2014). Moreover, Warehouse Management System (WMS) is also utilised (Chesbrough and Rosenbloom 2015). It has dynamic route optimizers and the algorithms provide delivery schedules. He information that they must focus on are the Time per customer Time to park in different area, based on more frequent delivery area Time to unload and get to the door Time for unloading for customer Time to get payment Time to return to vehicle Speed in residential area including starting and stopping Delivery windows total time Drive time Time of the day Road type Other factors like speed of driving of the delivery boy The customized software controlled the movement of the totes and skus are prepared accordingly. For the new plan to be effective it should be kept in mind that 4 SPHOA program is totally dependent upon the routes of the delivery plan. The 30 minutes reduction in delivery windows are known to be the focus point of Dominique, the vice president of Industrial engineering and operation system of Grocery Gateway. The two major points to consider are The main point is to keep the trucks on the road for longer hours (Chesbrough and Rosenbloom 2015). This would need extending driving shifts and replenish the truck with high level of service and keeping in mind the Grocery Gateways customer satisfaction (Fergusson 2012). Upgrading the software by approaching Descartes solutions technology. This provides RIMMS route optimisation service. Route profitability is must for this logistics business with the new plan in motion. References Bates, D.J., Hauenstein, J.D., Niemerg, M.E. and Sottile, F., 2016. Software for the Gale transform of fewnomial systems and a Descartes rule for fewnomials.Numerical Algorithms,73(1), pp.281-304. Bowersox, D.J., Closs, D.J. and Cooper, M.B., 2012.Supply chain logistics management(Vol. 2). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Boyer, K.K., Tomas Hult, G. and Frohlich, M., 2012. An exploratory analysis of extended grocery supply chain operations and home delivery.Integrated Manufacturing Systems,14(8), pp.652-663. Brock, K., 2012. A Strategic Analysis of Canada Post's Parcel Ecommerce Growth Strategy. Burt, S.,2014.Retailer brands in British grocery retailing: A review. University of Stirling, Institute for Retail Studies. Chesbrough, H. and Rosenbloom, R.S., 2015. The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: evidence from Xerox Corporation's technology spin?off companies.Industrial and corporate change,11(3), pp.529-555. Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Cooper, M.C. and Ellram, L.M.,2015. Characteristics of supply chain management and the implications for purchasing and logistics strategy.The international journal of logistics management,4(2), pp.13-24. Cooper, M.C., Lambert, D.M. and Pagh, J.D.,2015. Supply chain management: more than a new name for logistics.The international journal of logistics management,8(1), pp.1-14. Fergusson, O., 2012. Online Groceries Beginn to Ripen as Market Blossoms.Computer Dealer News,7(2000), pp.32-33. Fleet, G.J., 2012. EVIDENCE FOR STALLED ICT ADOPTION AND THE FACILITATOR ECOMMERCE ADOPTION MODEL IN SMEs.International Journal of the Academic Business World,6(2). Grocerygateway.com. (2017).Online Shopping Delivery in Toronto - Grocery Gateway. [online] Available at: https://www.grocerygateway.com/store/ [Accessed 30 Jul. 2017]. Hgevold, N.M. and Svensson, G., 2012. A business sustainability model: a European case study.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,27(2), pp.142-151. Islam, D.M.Z., Meier, J.F., Aditjandra, P.T., Zunder, T.H. and Pace, G., 2013. Logistics and supply chain management.Research in Transportation Economics,41(1), pp.3-16. Johnson, M.W., Christensen, C.M. and Kagermann, H., 2012. Reinventing your business model.Harvard business review,86(12), pp.57-68. Jonsson, P., 2012. Logistics and supply chain management.New York. Langston, P., Clarke, G.P. and Clarke, D.B., 2015. Retail saturation, retail location, and retail competition: an analysis of British grocery retailing.Environment and Planning A,29(1), pp.77-104. Lee, Y., Lee, Z. and Larsen, K.R., 2012. Coping with Internet channel conflict.Communications of the ACM,46(7), pp.137-142. McDermott, K. and Payvision, B.V., 2015. Key Business Drivers and Opportunities in Cross-Border Ecommerce.Payvision BV. Osterwalder, A. and Pigneur, Y., 2012.Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers. John Wiley Sons. Osterwalder, A., 2012. The business model ontology: A proposition in a design science approach. Schaltegger, S., Ldeke-Freund, F. and Hansen, E.G., 2012. Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability.International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development,6(2), pp.95-119. Schneider, S. and Spieth, P., 2013. Business model innovation: Towards an integrated future research agenda.International Journal of Innovation Management,17(01), p.1340001. Thach, L., Olsen, J. and Lease, T., 2014. Selling Wine Online: Which Winery Ecommerce Practices Promote Highest Sales?. Week, B., 2012. Knowledge management and new organization forms: A framework for business model innovation.Knowledge management and virtual organizations,2(1), pp.13-27. Wrigley, N., 2015. The lure of the USA: further reflections on the internationalisation of British grocery retailing capital.Environment and Planning A,21(3), pp.283-288.

Skateboarding Essays (598 words) - Skateboarding Tricks,

Skateboarding Throughout the eighties and even still into the nineties skateboarders have been stereotyped, fined, arrested, and kicked out of places for simply having fun. To many people this doesn't sound that bad since skateboarders are a bunch of punks and cause trouble all the time. They smoke pot and get high and do nothing with their lives. These last two statements could be seen as false since they could be disproven in many ways. Tony Hawk is a pro skater who has achieved many goals in his life. Many people won't know him but for the people that followed his career as a skateboarder they would know that is the "Michael Jordan" of skateboarding. Tony started his career in the eighties and at that time skateboarding was not too popular with the authorities. He has dealt with the hardships of being discriminated and rose to the top. He was in the movies Gleaming the Cube and Police Academy four. He also came up with his own company which is Birdhouse, and has invented many of the tricks for vert skating, such as the Madonna and the Bennihaha. This past year in the X-games he landed the impossible, the 900. This trick involves two and a half rotations. I don't think Tony Hawk is a trouble maker and a punk for skateboarding. I think he is a great role model to many of the other skaters out there working hard to do well at the sport. Ed Tempelton is a pro skater for Toy Machine. He has run in with the law for skating plenty of times. On the Toy Machine Video, Jump off a Building, Ed Tempelton is shown getting kicked out of some place. Most of the graphics on the bottom of the Toy Machine decks are painted by Ed as a way to show his artistic ability. He said that he got into painting because he liked it even though he said his first paintings were crapy. He said it was better than getting into drugs and that he really doesn't drink. Ed Tempelton is just another skater that doesn't fit the stereotype of skaters. If you heard of Andy MacDonald it was probably from the latest commercial Where Andy speaks about skateboarding and his version of getting high. This was one of those Drug awareness commercials telling kids not to do drugs. Andy is 27 and has chosen skateboarding other than drugs and hanging out getting into trouble. He has also accomplished many things in life. He has been a pro for about 7 years and he now does commercials and is on TV on such Stations as Espn, Fox sports net and Msg. He has helped in Board Aid which is an event where snowboarders and skateboarders have a big demo and people pay to listen to music, watch the sports, and the main reason is to raise money for Aids awareness, and also for drugs. To talk from experience, I have been kicked out of school property, the mall, the parking lot of Betz Funeral home and the police have shown up to my door also. In each of these incidents neither my friends or I were not doing anything wrong except skateboard. I got kicked out of the Middle School parking lot with my friend because the lady said that we were going to sue the school or something. In contrast if my friend and I were riding a bike or on rollerblades doing jumps we would have never even gotten hassled. Skateboarding has progressed but some of the problems that skaters have faced in the past are still here in the present. For instince in Albany the police can take your board and in many places in California theres signs saying no skateboarding or the authorities just love to hassle us skaters still.

The Changing US Political Symbolism of Blue and Red

The Changing US Political Symbolism of Blue and Red The Changing US Political Symbolism of Blue and Red The Changing US Political Symbolism of Blue and Red By Maeve Maddox In British politics, blue is associated with Britain’s conservative party, the Tories, whereas red is associated with the Labour Party. The same association of blue with political conservatism was once common in US politics, but now red is associated with the conservative party. This change became fixed following the presidential election of 2000. The reversal was driven by the use of colored maps to track election returns in the media. The first giant election map was introduced by NBC television in 1976. States in which the majority voted for the Republican candidate (Gerald Ford) were lighted in blue. States in which the vote went to the Democratic candidate (Jimmy Carter) were lighted in red. In 1980, both NBC and CBS used red for Carter (D) and blue for Reagan (R), but ABC, to the confusion of channel-switching viewers, used blue for Carter and red for Reagan. In 1984, ABC and CBS used red for Republicans and blue for Democrats, but NBC retained blue for Republicans and red for Democrats. NBC consistently used blue for Republicans and red for Democrats from 1976 to 1988, the period during which Roy Wetzel was the general manager of NBC’s election unit. Whereas the other networks seemed to have used the colors arbitrarily, Wetzel gave a reason for his consistency: â€Å"Without giving it a second thought, we said blue for conservatives, because that’s what the parliamentary system in London is, red for the more liberal party. And that settled it.† - â€Å"When Republicans Were Blue and Democrats Were Red,† Smithsonian Magazine, Oct. 31, 2012. Note: Graphics in British newspapers usually assign blue to Conservatives, red to Labour, and yellow to Liberal Democrats. In 2000, two of the networks, ABC and NBC, used red for Republicans and blue for Democrats on their election maps. NBC’s election chief, Tim Russert, is credited with popularizing the phrases â€Å"red states† and â€Å"blue states.† Reinforcing the red/blue associations in 2000 were two newspaper maps that came out two days after the disputed election. The New York Times and USA Today both published color-coded maps that assigned red to Bush and blue to Gore. By the time the next presidential election rolled around in 2004, all three networks had adopted the imagery of red for Republican and blue for Democrat. The terms â€Å"red states† and â€Å"blue states† are now common in American political discourse: While the Republican Party is poised to make major gains in red states in the battle for the U.S. Senate, the situation is flipped in governors’ races, where Republicans are facing a tough time defending chief executives who won office in blue states in the Obama backlash of 2010.- The Washington Times. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 101What is the Difference Between Metaphor and Simile?7 Other Types of Pronouns

Analysis of Statement Life is Not Fair

It is not fair to get used to life in (Bill Gates) an unfair life. In some aspects of our lives, we have heard someone's opinion. Life is unfair because things will not happen in the future. Life gives people and harms. Life is like a picture by an unknown painter, and it is only a part of it. Pictures can always deceive someone about what they truly mean. Lies, appearances, contradictions, colors, integration, and letters are mere decorations in the overall interpretation of images. First, the work statement is not necessary but an analysis unit, with emphasis on defining and capturing the actual demand report. Parents teaching children lessons lessons have a job to do. The work to do is not a requirement, requirement, requirement, or concern. It is a process that can be disassembled and investigated to understand useful customer input. It is an indicator that the customer uses for measurement at the time of success. Traditional VoC experts do not focus on the tasks to be performed. In other words, if you find a customer's needs, work is not a unit of analysis and the request statement is not related to work. Finished. In fact, the VoC community does not have an agreed analysis unit. Some VoC experts use products as analytical units (Katz does this) and others focus on customers Financial statement analysis (or financial analysis) is the process of reviewing and analyzing the company's financial statements to make better economic decisions. These statements include income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement and equity change statement. Financial statement analysis is a method or process that includes specific methods to assess the organization's risks, performance, financial condition, and future prospects. It is used by various stakeholders, including credit and equity investors, governments, the public, decision makers within the organization. These stakeholders have different interests and apply a variety of different technologies to meet their ne eds. For example, equity investors are interested in the organization's long-term profitability and the sustainability and growth potential of dividends. Analysis of Statement Life is Not Fair It is not fair to get used to life in (Bill Gates) an unfair life. In some aspects of our lives, we have heard someone's opinion. Life is unfair because things will not happen in the future. Life gives people and harms. Life is like a picture by an unknown painter, and it is only a part of it. Pictures can always deceive someone about what they truly mean. Lies, appearances, contradictions, colors, integration, and letters are mere decorations in the overall interpretation of images. First, the work statement is not necessary but an analysis unit, with emphasis on defining and capturing the actual demand report. Parents teaching children lessons lessons have a job to do. The work to do is not a requirement, requirement, requirement, or concern. It is a process that can be disassembled and investigated to understand useful customer input. It is an indicator that the customer uses for measurement at the time of success. Traditional VoC experts do not focus on the tasks to be performed. In other words, if you find a customer's needs, work is not a unit of analysis and the request statement is not related to work. Finished. In fact, the VoC community does not have an agreed analysis unit. Some VoC experts use products as analytical units (Katz does this) and others focus on customers Financial statement analysis (or financial analysis) is the process of reviewing and analyzing the company's financial statements to make better economic decisions. These statements include income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement and equity change statement. Financial statement analysis is a method or process that includes specific methods to assess the organization's risks, performance, financial condition, and future prospects. It is used by various stakeholders, including credit and equity investors, governments, the public, decision makers within the organization. These stakeholders have different interests and apply a variety of different technologies to meet their ne eds. For example, equity investors are interested in the organization's long-term profitability and the sustainability and growth potential of dividends.

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 149

Discussion - Essay Example It also noted failure by the colonial authority to respect the fundamental rights, a factor that led to the Spirit of ’76 and declared liberty of the states. The writing therefore uses the Spirit of ’76 as a basis for its independence declaration objective (The National Archives, N.d.). The Common Sense that Thomas Pain authored in the year 1776 called upon Americans to abandon dialogue and fight for independence. Even though Americans already laid some of its arguments down, the arguments reinforced the urge for a revolution as did the new arguments. Pain’s description of proponents of reconciliation such as men with self-interest who cannot be trusted, weak men, and men with prejudice are examples of argument that motivated revolution (Pain, 1776). Authored earlier in the year of the Spirit of ’76 and supporting existing ideas and proposing new ideas for revolution, the document is understood as a factor to the

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 13

Finance - Essay Example discounted payback period, accounting rate of return, net present value, internal rate of return, modified rate of return and profitability index (Shapiro & Balbirer, 2003, pp.242). However, I find Net Present Value (NPV) as the most reliable capital budgeting technique. I will support my point by providing a thorough comparative analysis of NPV with the four most common techniques, accounting rate of return, payback period and internal rate of return. Each method is explained with the help of numerical examples found in the Appendix. Net Present Value is a technique which takes into account the time value of money. NPV for a project is calculated by finding out the present value (PV) of all the future cash flows, which the investment in the project is expected to generate. The PV of future cash flows is found by discounting them at the expected rate of return or cost of capital. Then, sum of the PV of all cash flows is compared with the cost of investment (Hampton, 1998, pp. 328). The selection criterion of a project is that, if the PV of future cash flows is greater than the initial cost of investment, the project should be selected. In other words, NPV tells us the present worth of cash flows which would be generated by the project in future; hence, if the initial investment that we make today is less that the expected cash flows present value, it means we will cover our cost, only then it will be wise to select a project. The formula to calculate NPV is sum of present values of future cash flows minus initial investment cost. A rule says that any project which has NPV greater than $0 should be selected, however, in case of mutually exclusive projects; where you have to choose one out of all the alternatives, choose the one which shows a higher NPV. The following paragraphs will carry out an in-depth analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of using this technique, so that we can have a clearer idea about situations when it can highly aid investment

Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant :: essays research papers

English Essay - Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant ‘To what extent are Ezra and Pearl the victims and/or the heroes of the novel?’   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think Ezra and Pearl are both victims and heroes of the novel. Both looking after the family, especially Ezra always thinking about everyone. Yet they both get taunted by the people around them, Ezra is teased and put down by Cody and Pearl just seems to be picked on by everyone in the family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pearl is heroic in the way that she has kept the family together even after Beck leaves. Her salary at the grocery gets the family through. She would seem like a ‘bitch’ to her kids but I guess all the hardships she has gone through could make-up for her bursts of anger now and then. For example when Pearl sees Jenny staring at a nice dress on a girl when they were at church, which undoubtedly Pearl could not afford. Pearl at the dinner table starts blasting Jenny then Cody jumps into it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This shows that Pearl is victimised but at the same time shows strength so is heroic. The burdens of three children without the support of her husband, Beck, constitutes to her heroism. Pearl has moved from place to place losing friends and relatives, only to come to an unfamiliar town where her husband decides to leave. Pearl refuses help from anyone, this depicts her strong points and still thinks Beck will return from his business trip. her strongwilled mind aids her and her family through life’s most troublesome tasks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ezra is quite of the more hero I think but still being victimised by his own mother, Pearl and brother, Cody. Being so kind hearted and always the favourite out his borther and sister Ezra leaves himself vulnerable to the ‘attacks’ of Cody and Pearl. Cody has always teased Ezra, for example the time when anyone complemented Ezra, Cody would lash back saying the very opposite. It seems that most of the families problem would rest on Ezra.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ezra would show the most heroism out of everyone. He was the one that kept the family together ofter Cody and Jenny left. Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant :: essays research papers English Essay - Dinner at the Homesick Restaurant ‘To what extent are Ezra and Pearl the victims and/or the heroes of the novel?’   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think Ezra and Pearl are both victims and heroes of the novel. Both looking after the family, especially Ezra always thinking about everyone. Yet they both get taunted by the people around them, Ezra is teased and put down by Cody and Pearl just seems to be picked on by everyone in the family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pearl is heroic in the way that she has kept the family together even after Beck leaves. Her salary at the grocery gets the family through. She would seem like a ‘bitch’ to her kids but I guess all the hardships she has gone through could make-up for her bursts of anger now and then. For example when Pearl sees Jenny staring at a nice dress on a girl when they were at church, which undoubtedly Pearl could not afford. Pearl at the dinner table starts blasting Jenny then Cody jumps into it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This shows that Pearl is victimised but at the same time shows strength so is heroic. The burdens of three children without the support of her husband, Beck, constitutes to her heroism. Pearl has moved from place to place losing friends and relatives, only to come to an unfamiliar town where her husband decides to leave. Pearl refuses help from anyone, this depicts her strong points and still thinks Beck will return from his business trip. her strongwilled mind aids her and her family through life’s most troublesome tasks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ezra is quite of the more hero I think but still being victimised by his own mother, Pearl and brother, Cody. Being so kind hearted and always the favourite out his borther and sister Ezra leaves himself vulnerable to the ‘attacks’ of Cody and Pearl. Cody has always teased Ezra, for example the time when anyone complemented Ezra, Cody would lash back saying the very opposite. It seems that most of the families problem would rest on Ezra.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ezra would show the most heroism out of everyone. He was the one that kept the family together ofter Cody and Jenny left.

Is human aggression in born Or a learned behavior Essay

? Introduction All of science, including clinical science, begins with observation. The understanding and modulation of aggressive impulsive behavior has been no exception. Even before Hippocrates’ attempt to characterize personalities, we have observed and grouped behaviors and then proceeded to study and attempt their manipulation. Webster defines aggression as â€Å"a forceful action or procedure (as an unprovoked attack) especially when intended to dominate or master. † â€Å"It is this classification and description process which has guided the research and clinical modulation of human aggressive behavior utilizing animal models of aggression. † (Coccaro, 2003, p. 1) Define aggression (Hostile aggression and instrumental aggression) The underlying premise of the study of phenomena, (things as they are perceived, as the nature of things as they are) of aggressive behavior is that such aggressive behavior is not uniform but despite its disparity can be grouped according to certain externally observable characteristics. Moreover, the utility of such descriptive grouping provides the structure that leads to a clearer understanding of these phenomena and affords a means to manipulate behaviors. â€Å"The study ultimately provides an understanding of behavior in the human condition. Said another way, animal models of aggression tell us which questions to ask about human aggression and which biological systems to study in the human animal. † (Coccaro, 2003, p. 2) Analyses investigating the relationships between the two different types of aggressive responses and psychiatric diagnoses found that both aggressive children with Attention Deficient Disorder and aggressive children without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) utilized instrumental aggressive responses more frequently than the normal controls. â€Å"However, children with ADHD and aggression were more likely to utilize hostile aggressive responses than the aggressive children without ADHD, indicating a connection between impulsivity and hostile aggression. † (Atkins et al, 1993, p. 165) Key aggressive behavior was associated with goal-directed behavior, in which there is some benefit or gain to the aggressor or aggressive action. â€Å"In contrast, hostile aggression was perceived as an attempt to cause pain to the victim, with no independent gain. Aggressive children with ADHD were more likely to demonstrate hostile aggressive behavior on an analog task than aggressive children without AD/HD, suggesting that impulsivity plays a role in hostile aggression as well as in ADHD. † (Coccaro, 2003, p. 270) In comparison, instrumental aggression is more thoughtful (premeditated), is less influenced by anger, and uses aggression as a means to obtain a goal (e. g. , power) rather than as an end in itself. Despite this distinction in the literature, measures of aggression rarely discriminate between the two types. This is likely, in part, due to the difficulty in distinguishing between purely instrumental and purely impulsive acts. â€Å"It has been suggested that most aggressive acts may have both impulsive and instrumental components, and that this dichotomy should be abolished. However, other studies have suggested that this distinction is valid and that separate neurological substrates may be involved in the two types of aggression. † (Coccaro, 2003, p. 171) In the laboratory, instrumental aggression may be the most artificial. Constructive and pessimistic support is utilized to shape and increase the frequency of aggressive behavior. Since aggressive behavior, which affords dominance, can be positively reinforcing, instrumental aggression can be linked with other forms of aggression such as inter-male aggression. (Coccaro, 2003, p. 3) Theories of aggression Among the assortment of human actions that are the subject of attention, none has aroused deeper concern than man’s aggressiveness. Though aggression has always been an important social concern, developments during the past few decades have fully justified increased interest. â€Å"With the progressive growth of instruments of destruction, simple aggressive acts can produce widespread disastrous consequences. The hazards of ill-judged actions have thus become enormously magnified. Man’s aggressive potential has also been increased, independently of expanding destructive accouterments, by changes in the social conditions of life. † (Bandura, 1973, p. 1) The grouping of theoretical approaches into various categories (i. e. , instinct, drive, learning, and social learning) uses the major emphasis of each theoretical notion as a sorting criterion. It is hoped that this categorization facilitates the overview. â€Å"It should be kept in mind, however, that the various theories are not necessarily confined entirely to the features suggested by their category heading; nor are they fully independent of one another. Drive theories of aggression, for example, involve learning considerations, and the learning of aggression to some extent involves considerations of drive. † (Zillmann, 1979, p. 114) The explicit use of the drive concept has become comparatively rare. The concept of arousal, on the other hand, seems to have become successively more popular. In one way or another, all contemporary theories of aggression try to explain the phenomenon in terms of an interaction of cognition and arousal. â€Å"The student of this topic may thus readily come to the conclusion that the theories are very similar, at least as far as arousal is concerned. Such an impression is quite erroneous, however. Confusion arises from the fact that the concept of arousal is used very broadly and assumes different meanings in different theories–occasionally even in the same theory. † (Zillmann, 1979, p. 168) Differences between theories show some distinction in the relative emphasis they place on the conditions that are produced. â€Å"This phenomenon has special significance for theories of aggression because, unlike most mass movements, it represents revolt by advantaged rather than by underprivileged segments of society. † (Bandura, 1973, p. 231) It is doubtful that the instinctual drive theories of aggression are capable of empirical verification. Most of them are formulated in such broad terms that they do not generate specific predictions that could be put to experimental tests. â€Å"When a non-measurable instinctual force is combined with many qualifying factors that are also somewhat elusive, the theory can explain any variety of events that have already happened, though it cannot predict them. The post-dictions, of course, are compatible with alternative theories that do not invoke the operation of an innate aggressive drive. † (Bandura, 1973, p. 14) Is aggression inborn (Instinct theory) Lombroso’s (historical figure in modern criminology, and the founder of the Italian School of Positivist Criminology) announcement that biology was the only important factor in causing crime eventually set off a firestorm of controversy. However, Lombroso was not the only person who believed that biology was the most important factor influencing behavior. â€Å"Around the turn of the century, as today, the major discipline examining human behavior was psychology. At that time, most psychologists, like Lombroso, were convinced of the primary importance of genetic influences and did not question the idea that criminal behavior was inborn. † (Englander, 2003, p. 56) â€Å"The ego has been differentiated from the id through the influence of the external world, to whose demands it adapts. In so adapting it has to reconcile the forces of the id and super-ego in such a way as to maximize pleasure and minimize un-pleasure. The development of ego-psychology as a branch of psychoanalysis, which reflected a shift of interest from the earlier instinct theory to the adaptive functions of the ego, in relation to other persons especially, facilitated some rapprochement between psychoanalysis and psychology. † (Gregory, 1998, p.211). The most well-known proponents of the theory (Sigmund Freud, and Konrad Lorenz) have written in German, and the so called instinct theory, accordingly, should rather be labeled the Trieb-theory. (Fry et al, 1997, p. 28) The closest way to describe what Trieb really means is that it implies an innate drive, functioning in accordance with the so called reservoir model. The drive is triggered by internal rather than external stimuli, examples being the hunger, thirst, and sexual drives. Biological influences ( Neural influences, genetic influences, biochemical influences). Psychologists concerned with emotions in general seem to be working along very different lines. With the exception of those dealing mainly with the biological aspects of emotional states, their attention is focused largely on people’s reports of how their emotional feelings and/or actions came about. â€Å"Unfortunately for both groups, there isn’t very much communication between them, and they do not read and consider as much of each other’s research literature as they should. † (Srull, 1993, p. 2) It is becoming increasingly common to treat emotions (anger, fear, love, etc.) as higher order entities created or constructed out of more elementary components. A central problem for any theory of emotion, then, is to clarify the principles according to which emotions are organized. Biological principles (information encoded in the genes) play a role; so, too, do psychological principles. â€Å"The critical empirical question here is whether one sees different emotional states as incorporating essentially indistinguishable physiological responses. (Srull, 1993, p. 91) It has been assumed by scholars that there are demonstrable differences at the physiological, neural and even muscular level between different emotions. Is aggression a response to frustration (frustration-aggression theory revised) A number of predictions that follow from the social learning formulation differ from the traditional frustration-aggression hypothesis. â€Å"It will be recalled that drive theories of aggression assume that frustration arouses an aggressive drive that can be reduced only through some form of aggressive behavior. Frustration, in this view, is a necessary and sufficient condition for aggression. The diverse events subsumed under the omnibus term frustration have one feature in common–they are all in varying degrees. † (Bandura, 1973, p. 53) Attempting to make a connection with the â€Å"displacement† of emotions in psychoanalytic theory gives rise to the reformulation of the frustration-aggression hypothesis. Within academic research circles, it drew theoretical attention to this aspect of human aggression by incorporating rules for the redirection of hostility from the provoker to substitute targets. (Knutson, 1994, p. 89) Criticism of the frustration-aggression hypothesis focused at first on the nature of responses to frustration. Anthropologists pointed out that in some cultures aggression was by no means a typical response to frustration. Researchers in the early and mid 1940’s demonstrated that young children were inclined to regress rather than to aggress when frustrated. â€Å"Other critics argued that only some kinds of frustration evoke aggressive behavior and that other forms do not. † (Bandura, 1973, p. 52) Is aggression learned social behavior An understanding of this energetic interaction between our species legacy, brain functioning, and learned culture is crucial if we are to understand human social behavior, personality and human nature in general. â€Å"Given that our species heritage and neuro-humoral functioning are difficult, if not impossible, to understand apart from evolutionary theory, it is evident that the second new Darwinian revolution must reach fruition prior to a full maturing of the social sciences. † (Bailey, 1987, p. 37). Moreover, they both find powerful effects of rearing conditions, social interactions, and learning that modify the level of aggressive behavior in the selected lines, regardless of genetic background. â€Å"The similarities in outcomes have been striking in the light of the separate establishment and evolution of the investigations for more than 2 decades. The confirmation seemed especially important because the findings had independently challenged widely held assumptions on the relations between development, genes, and social behavior. (Cairns et al, 1996, p. 43) Rewards of aggression The opportunity to behave aggressively can be used to reinforce learning if that opportunity is provided in situations that normally elicit aggression. Electrodes attached to inflict tail shock produces â€Å"reflexive† aggression in monkeys. â€Å"These animals will also learn a chain pulling response in order to obtain a canvas-covered ball that they may bite. If pigeons are rewarded with food for pecking a key, they will learn the response quickly. If the reward is suddenly terminated, the birds will behave aggressively. During this period, they will also learn to peck a key that produces another bird that can then be attacked. † (Moyer, 1987, p. 33) â€Å"Child abuse and neglect is a widespread social problem that affects all types of family structure and all segments of the population, regardless of individual differences in cultural background, geographic location, or economic status. (However, as discussed in later sections, some groups are at greater risk of child abuse and neglect than others. For example, the poor, uneducated, and young have been considered most vulnerable). † (Jackson et al, 1991, p. 5) Many so-called instinctual behaviors may contain a large learning component even in the common patterns displayed by members of a species. â€Å"Observation learning is a principal means of acquiring new response patterns in animals and humans alike. Observation learning may play an especially important role in species that are highly susceptible to imprinting. This is a process wherein young offspring develop a strong attachment to, and rapidly learn general characteristics of the model to which they were first exposed during a developmentally sensitive period. â€Å"(Bandura, 1973, p. 27) It appears that some response patterns are transmitted during the period impressionable access. The relationship of a close social attachment to a role model greatly improves the ability to observe. Huesmann LR and Miller LS, (Long-term effects of repeated exposure to media violence in childhood. In Aggressive Behavior: Current Perspectives, ed.LR Huesmann, pp. 153-86. New York: Plenum 1986, 1998,) proposed that when children observe violence in the mass media, they learn aggressive scripts. â€Å"Scripts define situations and guide behavior: The person first selects a script to represent the situation and then assumes a role in the script. Once a script has been learned, it may be retrieved at some later time and used as a guide for behavior. This approach can be seen as a more specific and detailed account of social learning processes. † (Anderson et al, 2002, p. 27) Influences of aggression. The first thing to be said about animals is that we should be cautious in drawing lessons from them to explain our own behavior, given the mediating force of culture and our capacity for reflection. â€Å"Our kinship with other animals does not mean that if their behavior seems often to be under the influence of instincts, this must necessarily also be the case in humans,† says anthropologist Ashley Montagu. He quotes one authority who has written: â€Å"There is no more reason to believe that man fights wars because fish or beavers are territorial than to think that man can fly because bats have wings. † (Kohn, 1988, p. 34) Scripted patterns of functioning, non conscious influence of goals and behavioral plans, and a variety of procedural rules guiding behavior, particularly in socio-cultural contexts, (none of which may find representation at a conscious level,) and none of which can be attributed to unconscious emotion related dynamics of coping in society. CONCLUSION Aggression is a social behavior that is only modestly understood. Although a full understanding of human aggressive behavior will certainly still require researchers and clinicians to examine aggressive behavior continuously. â€Å"Although biopsychosocial models of aggression have been proposed and tested, these have limited utility for explaining aggression in the general case. Research on the treatment of aggression lags behind basic research, and has relied largely on the traditional biomedical model for knowledge development and application. † (Coccaro, 2003, p. 72)Awareness and understanding of the social context surrounding knowledge development for aggression may help guide future research efforts and clinical practice. In conclusion, the approach of this paper suggests further independent examination of the motives for affects and actions. Throughout the presentation, supports the formulations of new and innovative theories for further research. In essence, when we as humans encounter one another we can usually process all the relevant information in a considered fashion and count on the principle alone to steer us correctly. Reference(s) Emil F. Coccaro, 2003, Aggression: Psychiatric Assessment and Treatment. Publisher: Marcel Dekker. Place of Publication: New York. Page Number: 1. MS Atkins, DM Stoff,1993, Instrumental and hostile aggression in childhood disruptive behavior disorders. J Abnorm Child Psychol 21:165-178. Albert Bandura, 1973, Aggression: A Social Learning Analysis. Publisher: Prentice-Hall. Place of Publication: Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Page Number: 1. Dolf Zillmann, 1979, Hostility and Aggression Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Place of Publication: Hillsdale, NJ. Page Number: 114. Elizabeth Kandel Englander, 2003, Understanding Violence. Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Place of Publication: Mahwah, NJ. Page Number: 56. Richard L. Gregory, 1998, The Oxford Companion to the Mind. Publisher: Oxford University Press. Place of Publication: Oxford. Page Number: 211. Douglas P. Fry, Kaj Bjorkqvist, 1997, Cultural Variation in Conflict Resolution: Alternatives to Violence Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Place of Publication: Mahwah, NJ. Page Number: 28. Thomas K. Srull, Robert S. Wyer Jr. ,1993, Perspectives on Anger and Emotion. Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Place of Publication: Hillsdale, NJ. Page Number: 2. John F. Knutson, Michael Potegal, 1994, The Dynamics of Aggression: Biological and Social Processes in Dyads and Groups. Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Place of Publication: Hillsdale, NJ. Page Number: 89. Kent G. Bailey, 1987, Human Paleopsychology: Applications to Aggression and Pathological Processes. Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Place of Publication: Hillsdale, NJ. Page Number: 37. Robert B. Cairns, David M. Stoff, 1996, Aggression and Violence: Genetic, Neurobiological, and Biosocial Perspectives. Publisher: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Place of Publication: Mahwah, NJ. Page Number: 43. K. E. Moyer, 1987, Violence and Aggression: A Physiological Perspective. Publisher: Paragon Press. Place of Publication: New York. Page Number: 33. Jay W. Jackson, Henry C. Karlson, Oliver C. S. Tzeng, 1991, Theories of Child Abuse and Neglect: Differential Perspectives, Summaries, and Evaluations. Publisher: Praeger. Place of Publication: Westport, CT. Page Number: 5. Craig A. Anderson, Brad J. Bushman, 2002, Human Aggression. Journal Title: Annual Review of Psychology. Page Number: 27+. Alfie Kohn, 1988, Article Title: Make Love, Not War: We Keep Hearing That We Are an Aggressive, Warlike Species. Scientists Keep Telling Us That We Have a Choice. Magazine Title: Psychology Today. Volume: 22. Issue: 6. Publication Date: June. Page Number: 34+.

Marketing and Heineken - 959 Words

a Heineken Case Study Questions Put yourself in the role of the Global VP of Marketing at Heineken. You have different marketing teams evaluating the Heineken’s global brand positioning. Your objective is to recommend to the CEO how you should proceed with your global brand efforts. 1. What are Heineken’s strengths and weaknesses? Is Heineken a global brand? Why or why not? What are the characteristics of a global brand? What competitive and cultural barriers does the Heineken brand face? A global brand is one which customizes product features and selling techniques to local tastes so that consumers in different locations and under different socio-cultural constructs (or, in this case, also under different development†¦show more content†¦5. What should be the role of Heineken headquarters regarding the marketing of the brand worldwide? What’s the balance of central or local control that makes the most sense? There should be some standardization of imagery, consistency of look feel of media, and of brand feeling/personality in the overall message. However, there should be local autonomy in customizing slogans, catchy phrases/print materials, promos etc. based on what makes sense to the local culture and at that phase of their â€Å"evolution.† 6. What do you recommend to your CEO about standardizing the brand’s global image? Do you have enough information? If not, what are you missing to provide a concrete recommendation? Contradictory enough, standardization of the brand’s global image needs to be accomplished via the localization / customization of the bigger broader principal concept/image/feeling/personality. Once established that Heineken stands for ABC (#4 above,) the way to get the message across in the different markets will differ. Consumers in the Netherlands respond differently to those in Germany, let alone to those in Africa. 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